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The rebellion of the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) was a revolt in the mid 1570s of the city against the outcome of the Royal elections in Poland. The Polish throne was contested by Stephen Báthory and the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian II. It began on 12 December 1575 when Emperor Maximillian was chosen as monarch by the Polish Senate, while the majority of the szlachta (nobility) had voted for Bathory. It ended on 16 December 1577.〔 Maximilian's II death in fall of 1576 weakened Danzig's position and made the conflict less about the recognition of the ruler than about Danzig's privileges. With neither side being able to defeat the other militarily, a compromise was reached, with economic as well as religious〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Europe Divided )〕 privileges of the city being restored and recognized, in return for a large reparation and recognition of Bathory as the king. ==Background== On 20 July 1570, the Polish-Lithuanian king Sigismund II Augustus introduced Karnkowski Statutes, which partly reduced Danzig's special privileges〔John Brown Mason: ''The Danzig Dilemma; a Study in Peacemaking by Compromise'', 1946 ()〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Other Prussia )〕 granted by earlier Polish kings after the Prussian Confederation cities recognized their rule in 1454. In 1572, the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was vacated when King Sigismund Augustus died without an heir and Henry III of France after a brief period as a Polish king returned to France. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was an elective monarchy and (after the Union of Lublin in 1569) in close union with Lithuania, meaning that Polish nobility (szlachta) could vote on who would become the next king. Cities had no vote; Danzig however was invited by primate of Poland and interrex Jakub Uchański to cast a vote but declined to send a representative.〔 (Gdańskie Towarzystwo Naukowe: Rocznik gdański )〕 Members of the Senate (including most of the Polish episcopate led by Jakub Uchański) decided to elect Emperor Maximilian II, against the will of majority of nobility, which during the royal election voted for Anna Jagiello (the last representative of the former Polish-Lithuanian Jagiellon dynasty) and Stephen Báthory as her husband and ''de facto'' King. This led to a some unrest in Poland. The town whose economic privileges were reduced by the Karnkowski Statutes, wanted to use the situation to regain its preferential position within the Polish Crown. It also preferred Maximilian,〔Norman Davies, ''God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes'', Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-925339-0, (Google Print, p.321 )〕 who looked more likely to support the towns' economic privileges, and who could also threaten serious economic repercussions (boycott by the Habsburgs). Thus the city, encouraged by its immense wealth and almost impregnable fortifications, as well as by the secret support of Denmark〔Stewart P. Oakley, ''War and Peace in the Baltic, 1560-1790'', Routledge, 1992, ISBN 0-415-02472-2, (Google Print, p.35 )〕 and Emperor Maximilian himself, had supported the latter's election. On 1 May 1576 Stefan Bathory married King Anna Jagiello and was crowned by Stanisław Karnkowski as King of Poland. Jakub Uchański and nuncio Wincenty Laureo recognized Maximillian as a King, but soon they and others accepted the will of majority. When Stefan swore in all of existing rights of Royal Prussia and Duchy of Prussia,〔 Paweł Jasienica: "Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów" (p.101-107), 〕 and was recognized as a rightful ruler,〔 Danzig refused to follow along and still recognized Maximillian as King of Poland.〔 (Władysław Czapliński: Zarys dziejów Polski do roku 1864 )〕 The tensions grew as rioters looted and burned down an abbey in Oliwa.〔 The abbey belonged to the bishop of Kujawy, Stanisław Karnkowski, who had under his jurisdiction the whole of Polish Pomerania. The Sejm (parliament) of the Commonwealth did not approve higher taxes for the war. It did however approve a ''banicja'' (form of political exile and excommunication), confiscation of the city's property, arrest of its citizens, commercial blockade and rerouting of the important trade via the port of Elbląg (which however was immediately blockaded by Denmark's navy).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795 )〕〔 (Stanisława Zajchowska, Maria Kiełczewska-Zaleska, Feliks Nowowiejski, Antoniewicz, Jerzy Antoniewicz: Warmia i Mazury )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Danzig rebellion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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